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+;;; init.el --- Init -*- lexical-binding: t; -*-
+
+;; Author: James Cherti <https://www.jamescherti.com/contact/>
+;; URL: https://github.com/jamescherti/minimal-emacs.d
+;; Package-Requires: ((emacs "29.1"))
+;; Keywords: maint
+;; Version: 1.4.1
+;; SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
+;;; Commentary:
+;; The minimal-emacs.d project is a lightweight and optimized Emacs base
+;; (init.el and early-init.el) that gives you full control over your
+;; configuration. It provides better defaults, an optimized startup, and a clean
+;; foundation for building your own vanilla Emacs setup.
+;;
+;; Building the minimal-emacs.d init.el and early-init.el was the result of
+;; extensive research and testing to fine-tune the best parameters and
+;; optimizations for an Emacs configuration.
+;;
+;; Do not modify this file; instead, modify pre-init.el or post-init.el.
+
+;;; Code:
+
+;;; Load pre-init.el
+
+(if (fboundp 'minimal-emacs-load-user-init)
+    (when minimal-emacs-load-pre-init
+      (minimal-emacs-load-user-init "pre-init.el"))
+  (error "The early-init.el file failed to load"))
+
+;;; Before package
+
+;; The initial buffer is created during startup even in non-interactive
+;; sessions, and its major mode is fully initialized. Modes like `text-mode',
+;; `org-mode', or even the default `lisp-interaction-mode' load extra packages
+;; and run hooks, which can slow down startup.
+;;
+;; Using `fundamental-mode' for the initial buffer to avoid unnecessary
+;; startup overhead.
+(setq initial-major-mode 'fundamental-mode
+      initial-scratch-message nil)
+
+;; Set-language-environment sets default-input-method, which is unwanted.
+(setq default-input-method nil)
+
+;; Ask the user whether to terminate asynchronous compilations on exit.
+;; This prevents native compilation from leaving temporary files in /tmp.
+(setq native-comp-async-query-on-exit t)
+
+;; Allow for shorter responses: "y" for yes and "n" for no.
+(setq read-answer-short t)
+(if (boundp 'use-short-answers)
+    (setq use-short-answers t)
+  (advice-add 'yes-or-no-p :override #'y-or-n-p))
+
+;;; Undo/redo
+
+(setq undo-limit (* 13 160000)
+      undo-strong-limit (* 13 240000)
+      undo-outer-limit (* 13 24000000))
+
+;;; package.el
+
+(when (and (bound-and-true-p minimal-emacs-package-initialize-and-refresh)
+           (not (bound-and-true-p byte-compile-current-file))
+           (not (or (fboundp 'straight-use-package)
+                    (fboundp 'elpaca))))
+  ;; Initialize and refresh package contents again if needed
+  (package-initialize)
+  (unless package-archive-contents
+    (package-refresh-contents))
+  (when (and (version< emacs-version "29.1")
+             (not (package-installed-p 'use-package)))
+    (package-install 'use-package))
+  (require 'use-package))
+
+;;; Minibuffer
+
+(setq enable-recursive-minibuffers t) ; Allow nested minibuffers
+
+;; Keep the cursor out of the read-only portions of the.minibuffer
+(setq minibuffer-prompt-properties
+      '(read-only t intangible t cursor-intangible t face minibuffer-prompt))
+(add-hook 'minibuffer-setup-hook #'cursor-intangible-mode)
+
+;;; Display and user interface
+
+;; By default, Emacs "updates" its ui more often than it needs to
+(setq which-func-update-delay 1.0)
+(setq idle-update-delay which-func-update-delay)  ;; Obsolete in >= 30.1
+
+(defalias #'view-hello-file #'ignore)  ; Never show the hello file
+
+;; No beeping or blinking
+(setq visible-bell nil)
+(setq ring-bell-function #'ignore)
+
+;; Position underlines at the descent line instead of the baseline.
+(setq x-underline-at-descent-line t)
+
+(setq truncate-string-ellipsis "…")
+
+(setq display-time-default-load-average nil) ; Omit load average
+
+;;; Show-paren
+
+(setq show-paren-delay 0.1
+      show-paren-highlight-openparen t
+      show-paren-when-point-inside-paren t
+      show-paren-when-point-in-periphery t)
+
+;;; Buffer management
+
+(setq custom-buffer-done-kill t)
+
+;; Disable auto-adding a new line at the bottom when scrolling.
+(setq next-line-add-newlines nil)
+
+;; This setting forces Emacs to save bookmarks immediately after each change.
+;; Benefit: you never lose bookmarks if Emacs crashes.
+(setq bookmark-save-flag 1)
+
+(setq uniquify-buffer-name-style 'forward)
+
+(setq remote-file-name-inhibit-cache 50)
+
+;; Disable fontification during user input to reduce lag in large buffers.
+;; Also helps marginally with scrolling performance.
+(setq redisplay-skip-fontification-on-input t)
+
+;;; Misc
+
+(setq whitespace-line-column nil)  ; Use the value of `fill-column'.
+
+;; Disable ellipsis when printing s-expressions in the message buffer
+(setq eval-expression-print-length nil
+      eval-expression-print-level nil)
+
+;; This directs gpg-agent to use the minibuffer for passphrase entry
+(setq epg-pinentry-mode 'loopback)
+
+;; By default, Emacs stores sensitive authinfo credentials as unencrypted text
+;; in your home directory. Use GPG to encrypt the authinfo file for enhanced
+;; security.
+(setq auth-sources (list "~/.authinfo.gpg"))
+
+;;; `display-line-numbers-mode'
+
+(setq-default display-line-numbers-width 3)
+(setq-default display-line-numbers-widen t)
+
+;;; imenu
+
+;; Automatically rescan the buffer for Imenu entries when `imenu' is invoked
+;; This ensures the index reflects recent edits.
+(setq imenu-auto-rescan t)
+
+;; Prevent truncation of long function names in `imenu' listings
+(setq imenu-max-item-length 160)
+
+;;; Tramp
+
+(setq tramp-verbose 1)
+
+;;; Files
+
+;; Delete by moving to trash in interactive mode
+(setq delete-by-moving-to-trash (not noninteractive))
+(setq remote-file-name-inhibit-delete-by-moving-to-trash t)
+
+;; Ignoring this is acceptable since it will redirect to the buffer regardless.
+(setq find-file-suppress-same-file-warnings t)
+
+;; Resolve symlinks to avoid duplicate buffers
+(setq find-file-visit-truename t
+      ;; Automatically follow a symlink to its source if that source is managed
+      ;; by a version control system, rather than asking for permission.
+      vc-follow-symlinks t)
+
+;; Prefer vertical splits over horizontal ones
+(setq split-width-threshold 170
+      split-height-threshold nil)
+
+;;; comint (general command interpreter in a window)
+
+(setq ansi-color-for-comint-mode t
+      comint-prompt-read-only t
+      comint-buffer-maximum-size 4096)
+
+;;; Compilation
+
+(setq compilation-ask-about-save nil
+      compilation-always-kill t
+      compilation-scroll-output 'first-error)
+
+;; Skip confirmation prompts when creating a new file or buffer
+(setq confirm-nonexistent-file-or-buffer nil)
+
+;;; Backup files
+
+;; Disable the creation of lockfiles (e.g., .#filename).
+;; Modern workflows rely on `global-auto-revert-mode' to handle external file
+;; changes gracefully, making the restrictive nature of lockfiles unnecessary.
+(setq create-lockfiles nil)
+
+;; Disable backup files (e.g., filename~). Note that `auto-save-default'
+;; remains enabled by default. Even with `make-backup-files' backups disabled,
+;; Emacs will still generate temporary recovery files (e.g., #filename#) for
+;; unsaved buffers. This protects your active work from sudden crashes while
+;; ensuring the file system is cleaned up immediately upon a successful save.
+(setq make-backup-files nil)
+
+(setq backup-directory-alist
+      `(("." . ,(expand-file-name "backup" user-emacs-directory))))
+(setq tramp-backup-directory-alist backup-directory-alist)
+(setq backup-by-copying-when-linked t)
+(setq backup-by-copying t)  ; Backup by copying rather renaming
+(setq delete-old-versions t)  ; Delete excess backup versions silently
+(setq version-control t)  ; Use version numbers for backup files
+(setq kept-new-versions 5)
+(setq kept-old-versions 5)
+
+;;; VC
+
+(setq vc-git-print-log-follow t)
+(setq vc-git-diff-switches '("--histogram"))  ; Faster algorithm for diffing.
+
+;;; Auto save
+
+;; Enable auto-save to safeguard against crashes or data loss. The
+;; `recover-file' or `recover-session' functions can be used to restore
+;; auto-saved data.
+(setq auto-save-no-message t)
+
+(when noninteractive
+  ;; The command line interface
+  (setq enable-dir-local-variables nil)
+  (setq case-fold-search nil))
+
+;; Do not auto-disable auto-save after deleting large chunks of
+;; text.
+(setq auto-save-include-big-deletions t)
+
+(setq auto-save-list-file-prefix
+      (expand-file-name "autosave/" user-emacs-directory))
+(setq tramp-auto-save-directory
+      (expand-file-name "tramp-autosave/" user-emacs-directory))
+
+(setq auto-save-file-name-transforms
+      `(("\\`/[^/]*:\\([^/]*/\\)*\\([^/]*\\)\\'"
+         ,(file-name-concat auto-save-list-file-prefix "tramp-\\2-") sha1)
+        ("\\`/\\([^/]+/\\)*\\([^/]+\\)\\'"
+         ,(file-name-concat auto-save-list-file-prefix "\\2-") sha1)))
+
+;; Ensure the directory for auto-save session logs exists with restricted
+;; permissions.
+(when auto-save-default
+  (let ((auto-save-dir (file-name-directory auto-save-list-file-prefix)))
+    (unless (file-exists-p auto-save-dir)
+      (with-file-modes #o700
+        (make-directory auto-save-dir t)))))
+
+;; Auto save options
+(setq kill-buffer-delete-auto-save-files t)
+
+;; Remove duplicates from the kill ring to reduce clutter
+(setq kill-do-not-save-duplicates t)
+
+;;; Auto revert
+;; Auto-revert in Emacs is a feature that automatically updates the contents of
+;; a buffer to reflect changes made to the underlying file.
+
+;; Revert other buffers (e.g, Dired)
+(setq global-auto-revert-non-file-buffers t)
+(setq global-auto-revert-ignore-modes '(Buffer-menu-mode))  ; Resolve issue #29
+
+;;; recentf
+
+;; `recentf' is an that maintains a list of recently accessed files.
+(setq recentf-max-saved-items 300) ; default is 20
+(setq recentf-max-menu-items 15)
+(setq recentf-auto-cleanup 'mode)
+
+;;; saveplace
+
+;; Enables Emacs to remember the last location within a file upon reopening.
+(setq save-place-file (expand-file-name "saveplace" user-emacs-directory))
+(setq save-place-limit 600)
+
+;;; savehist
+
+;; `savehist-mode' is an Emacs feature that preserves the minibuffer history
+;; between sessions.
+(setq history-length 300)
+(setq savehist-additional-variables
+      '(register-alist                   ; macros
+        mark-ring global-mark-ring       ; marks
+        search-ring regexp-search-ring)) ; searches
+
+;;; Frames and windows
+
+(setq resize-mini-windows 'grow-only)
+
+;; The native border "uses" a pixel of the fringe on the rightmost
+;; splits, whereas `window-divider-mode' does not.
+(setq window-divider-default-bottom-width 1
+      window-divider-default-places t
+      window-divider-default-right-width 1)
+
+;;; Scrolling
+
+;; Enables faster scrolling. This may result in brief periods of inaccurate
+;; syntax highlighting, which should quickly self-correct.
+(setq fast-but-imprecise-scrolling t)
+
+;; Move point to top/bottom of buffer before signaling a scrolling error.
+(setq scroll-error-top-bottom t)
+
+;; Keep screen position if scroll command moved it vertically out of the window.
+(setq scroll-preserve-screen-position t)
+
+;; Emacs recenters the window when the cursor moves past `scroll-conservatively'
+;; lines beyond the window edge. A value over 101 disables recentering; the
+;; default (0) is too eager. Here it is set to 20 for a balanced behavior.
+(setq scroll-conservatively 20)
+
+;; 1. Preventing automatic adjustments to `window-vscroll' for long lines.
+;; 2. Resolving the issue of random half-screen jumps during scrolling.
+(setq auto-window-vscroll nil)
+
+;; Horizontal scrolling
+(setq hscroll-margin 2
+      hscroll-step 1)
+
+;; Emacs 29
+(when (memq 'context-menu minimal-emacs-ui-features)
+  (when (and (display-graphic-p) (fboundp 'context-menu-mode))
+    (add-hook 'after-init-hook #'context-menu-mode)))
+
+;;; Cursor
+
+;; The blinking cursor is distracting and interferes with cursor settings in
+;; some minor modes that try to change it buffer-locally (e.g., Treemacs).
+(when (bound-and-true-p blink-cursor-mode)
+  (blink-cursor-mode -1))
+
+;; Don't blink the paren matching the one at point, it's too distracting.
+(setq blink-matching-paren nil)
+
+;; Reduce rendering/line scan work by not rendering cursors or regions in
+;; non-focused windows.
+(setq highlight-nonselected-windows nil)
+
+;;; Text editing, indent, font, and formatting
+
+;; Avoid automatic frame resizing when adjusting settings.
+(setq global-text-scale-adjust-resizes-frames nil)
+
+;; A longer delay can be annoying as it causes a noticeable pause after each
+;; deletion, disrupting the flow of editing.
+(setq delete-pair-blink-delay 0.03)
+
+;; Continue wrapped lines at whitespace rather than breaking in the
+;; middle of a word.
+(setq-default word-wrap t)
+
+;; Disable wrapping by default due to its performance cost.
+(setq-default truncate-lines t)
+
+;; If enabled and `truncate-lines' is disabled, soft wrapping will not occur
+;; when the window is narrower than `truncate-partial-width-windows' characters.
+(setq truncate-partial-width-windows nil)
+
+;; Configure automatic indentation to be triggered exclusively by newline and
+;; DEL (backspace) characters.
+(setq-default electric-indent-chars '(?\n ?\^?))
+
+;; Prefer spaces over tabs. Spaces offer a more consistent default compared to
+;; 8-space tabs. This setting can be adjusted on a per-mode basis as needed.
+(setq-default indent-tabs-mode nil
+              tab-width 4)
+
+;; Enable indentation and completion using the TAB key
+(setq tab-always-indent 'complete)
+(setq tab-first-completion 'word-or-paren-or-punct)
+
+;; Perf: Reduce command completion overhead.
+(setq read-extended-command-predicate #'command-completion-default-include-p)
+
+;; Enable multi-line commenting which ensures that `comment-indent-new-line'
+;; properly continues comments onto new lines.
+(setq comment-multi-line t)
+
+;; Ensures that empty lines within the commented region are also commented out.
+;; This prevents unintended visual gaps and maintains a consistent appearance.
+(setq comment-empty-lines t)
+
+;; We often split terminals and editor windows or place them side-by-side,
+;; making use of the additional horizontal space.
+(setq-default fill-column 80)
+
+;; Disable the obsolete practice of end-of-line spacing from the typewriter era.
+(setq sentence-end-double-space nil)
+
+;; According to the POSIX, a line is defined as "a sequence of zero or more
+;; non-newline characters followed by a terminating newline".
+(setq require-final-newline t)
+
+;; Eliminate delay before highlighting search matches
+(setq lazy-highlight-initial-delay 0)
+
+;;; Filetype
+
+;; Do not notify the user each time Python tries to guess the indentation offset
+(setq python-indent-guess-indent-offset-verbose nil)
+
+(setq sh-indent-after-continuation 'always)
+
+;;; Dired and ls-lisp
+
+(setq dired-free-space nil
+      dired-dwim-target t  ; Propose a target for intelligent moving/copying
+      dired-deletion-confirmer 'y-or-n-p
+      dired-filter-verbose nil
+      dired-recursive-deletes 'top
+      dired-recursive-copies 'always
+      dired-vc-rename-file t
+      dired-create-destination-dirs 'ask
+      ;; Suppress Dired buffer kill prompt for deleted dirs
+      dired-clean-confirm-killing-deleted-buffers nil)
+
+;; This is a higher-level predicate that wraps `dired-directory-changed-p'
+;; with additional logic. This `dired-buffer-stale-p' predicate handles remote
+;; files, wdired, unreadable dirs, and delegates to dired-directory-changed-p
+;; for modification checks.
+(setq auto-revert-remote-files nil)
+(setq dired-auto-revert-buffer 'dired-buffer-stale-p)
+
+;; dired-omit-mode
+(setq dired-omit-verbose nil
+      dired-omit-files (concat "\\`[.]\\'"))
+
+(setq ls-lisp-verbosity nil)
+(setq ls-lisp-dirs-first t)
+
+;;; Ediff
+
+;; Configure Ediff to use a single frame and split windows horizontally
+(setq ediff-window-setup-function 'ediff-setup-windows-plain
+      ediff-split-window-function 'split-window-horizontally)
+
+;;; Help
+
+;; Enhance `apropos' and related functions to perform more extensive searches
+(setq apropos-do-all t)
+
+;; Fixes #11: Prevents help command completion from triggering autoload.
+;; Loading additional files for completion can slow down help commands and may
+;; unintentionally execute initialization code from some libraries.
+(setq help-enable-completion-autoload nil)
+(setq help-enable-autoload nil)
+(setq help-enable-symbol-autoload nil)
+(setq help-window-select t)  ;; Focus new help windows when opened
+
+;;; Eglot
+
+(setq eglot-report-progress minimal-emacs-debug)  ; Prevent minibuffer spam
+(setq eglot-autoshutdown t)  ; Shut down after killing last managed buffer
+
+;; A setting of nil or 0 means Eglot will not block the UI at all, allowing
+;; Emacs to remain fully responsive, although LSP features will only become
+;; available once the connection is established in the background.
+(setq eglot-sync-connect 0)
+
+;; Activate Eglot in cross-referenced non-project files
+(setq eglot-extend-to-xref t)
+
+;; Eglot optimization
+(if minimal-emacs-debug
+    (setq eglot-events-buffer-config '(:size 2000000 :format full))
+  ;; This reduces log clutter to improves performance.
+  (setq jsonrpc-event-hook nil)
+  ;; Reduce memory usage and avoid cluttering *EGLOT events* buffer
+  (setq eglot-events-buffer-size 0)  ; Deprecated
+  (setq eglot-events-buffer-config '(:size 0 :format short)))
+
+;;; Flymake
+
+(setq flymake-show-diagnostics-at-end-of-line nil)
+(setq flymake-wrap-around nil)
+
+;;; hl-line-mode
+
+;; Highlighting the current window, reducing clutter and improving performance
+(setq hl-line-sticky-flag nil)
+(setq global-hl-line-sticky-flag nil)
+
+;;; icomplete
+
+;; Do not delay displaying completion candidates in `fido-mode' or
+;; `fido-vertical-mode'
+(setq icomplete-compute-delay 0.01)
+
+;;; flyspell
+
+;; Improves flyspell performance by preventing messages from being displayed for
+;; each word when checking the entire buffer.
+(setq flyspell-issue-message-flag nil)
+(setq flyspell-issue-welcome-flag nil)
+
+;;; ispell
+
+;; In Emacs 30 and newer, disable Ispell completion to avoid annotation errors
+;; when no `ispell' dictionary is set.
+(setq text-mode-ispell-word-completion nil)
+
+(setq ispell-silently-savep t)
+
+;;; ibuffer
+
+(setq ibuffer-formats
+      '((mark modified read-only locked
+              " " (name 55 55 :left :elide)
+              " " (size 8 -1 :right)
+              " " (mode 18 18 :left :elide) " " filename-and-process)
+        (mark " " (name 16 -1) " " filename)))
+
+;;; xref
+
+;; Enable completion in the minibuffer instead of the definitions buffer
+(setq xref-show-definitions-function 'xref-show-definitions-completing-read
+      xref-show-xrefs-function 'xref-show-definitions-completing-read)
+
+;;; abbrev
+
+;; Ensure the abbrev_defs file is stored in the correct location when
+;; `user-emacs-directory' is modified, as it defaults to ~/.emacs.d/abbrev_defs
+;; regardless of the change.
+(setq abbrev-file-name (expand-file-name "abbrev_defs" user-emacs-directory))
+
+(setq save-abbrevs 'silently)
+
+;;; dabbrev
+
+(setq dabbrev-upcase-means-case-search t)
+
+(setq dabbrev-ignored-buffer-modes
+      '(archive-mode image-mode docview-mode tags-table-mode
+                     pdf-view-mode tags-table-mode))
+
+(setq dabbrev-ignored-buffer-regexps
+      '(;; - Buffers starting with a space (internal or temporary buffers)
+        "\\` "
+        ;; Tags files such as ETAGS, GTAGS, RTAGS, TAGS, e?tags, and GPATH,
+        ;; including versions with numeric extensions like <123>
+        "\\(?:\\(?:[EG]?\\|GR\\)TAGS\\|e?tags\\|GPATH\\)\\(<[0-9]+>\\)?"))
+
+;;; Remove warnings from narrow-to-region, upcase-region...
+
+(dolist (cmd '(list-timers narrow-to-region narrow-to-page
+                           upcase-region downcase-region
+                           list-threads erase-buffer scroll-left
+                           dired-find-alternate-file set-goal-column))
+  (put cmd 'disabled nil))
+
+;;; Load post init
+
+(when (and minimal-emacs-load-post-init
+           (fboundp 'minimal-emacs-load-user-init))
+  (minimal-emacs-load-user-init "post-init.el"))
+
+(setq minimal-emacs--success t)
+
+;; Local variables:
+;; byte-compile-warnings: (not obsolete free-vars)
+;; End:
+
+;;; init.el ends here